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20th Army (Soviet Union)
The 20th Army was a field army of the Red Army that fought on the Eastern Front during World War II.
==First formation==
The Army was first formed in the Orel Military District in June 1941. On 22 June 1941 the Army was part of the STAVKA reserves and was located west of Moscow.
On 27 June 1941 it was proposed to Joseph Stalin that the Soviet armies (13th Army, 19th Army, 20th, 21st Army, and 22nd Army) would defend the line going through the Daugava-Polotsk-Vitebsk-Orsha-Mogilev-Mazyr〔Fugate Bryan , Dvoriecki Lev Blitzkrieg and Dnieperm Warszawa 2001 page 130〕 as part of the Reserve Front.〔Glantz, David M., Companion to Colosus Reborn, 2005〕
Committed as part of Western Front in defensive battles in Belarus, Smolensk, and Vyazma. By 5 August 1941 the army, in David Glantz's words, had been 'reduced to a skeleton.' The strength of the 289th Rifle Division had fallen to 285 men, 17 machine guns, and one anti-tank gun, the 73rd Rifle Division to 100 men and 4 to 5 machine guns, 144th Rifle Division to 440 men, and 153rd Rifle Division to 750 men.〔Two reports in ''SBDVOV'', issue 37, pages 271-273, dated 4 August 1941 and 5 August 1941 cited in David Glantz, ''Stumbling Colossus'', University Press of Kansas, 210.〕 The Army HQ was disbanded having been encircled and destroyed in the Vyazma Pocket.
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